BDO, wanda kuma aka sani da 1,4-butanediol, wani muhimmin mahimmanci ne na asali da kuma kayan abinci mai kyau. Ana iya shirya BDO ta hanyar acetylene aldehyde, hanyar anhydride na namiji, hanyar barasa propylene, da hanyar butadiene. Hanyar acetylene aldehyde ita ce babbar hanyar masana'antu don shirya BDO saboda farashi da fa'idodin tsari. Acetylene da formaldehyde an fara haɗa su don samar da 1,4-butynediol (BYD), wanda aka ƙara hydrogenated don samun BDO.
A karkashin babban matsa lamba (13.8 ~ 27.6 MPa) da yanayi na 250 ~ 350 ℃, acetylene reacts da formaldehyde a gaban mai kara kuzari (yawanci cuprous acetylene da bismuth a kan wani silica support), sa'an nan kuma matsakaici 1,4-butynediol ne hydrogenated. zuwa BDO ta amfani da Raney nickel catalyst. Halin hanyar gargajiya shine cewa mai haɓakawa da samfurin ba sa buƙatar rabuwa, kuma farashin aiki yana da ƙasa. Koyaya, acetylene yana da babban matsa lamba da haɗarin fashewa. Tsarin aminci na ƙirar reactor yana da girma kamar sau 12-20, kuma kayan aiki yana da girma da tsada, yana haifar da babban saka hannun jari; Acetylene za ta yi polymerize don samar da polyacetylene, wanda ke kashe mai kara kuzari kuma ya toshe bututun, yana haifar da raguwar sake zagayowar samarwa da raguwar fitarwa.
Dangane da gazawar da gazawar hanyoyin gargajiya, an inganta kayan aikin amsawa da masu haɓaka tsarin haɓakawa don rage matsa lamba na acetylene a cikin tsarin amsawa. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar sosai a cikin gida da waje. A lokaci guda kuma, ana aiwatar da haɗin BYD ta hanyar amfani da gadon sludge ko gadon da aka dakatar. Hanyar acetylene aldehyde BYD hydrogenation yana samar da BDO, kuma a halin yanzu tsarin ISP da INVISTA sun fi amfani da su a kasar Sin.
① Maganar butynediol daga acetylene da formaldehyde ta amfani da jan karfe carbonate mai kara kuzari.
An yi amfani da sashin sinadarai na acetylene na tsarin BDO a cikin INVIDIA, formaldehyde yana amsawa tare da acetylene don samar da 1,4-butynediol a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari na jan karfe. Yanayin zafin jiki shine 83-94 ℃, kuma matsa lamba shine 25-40 kPa. Mai kara kuzari yana da bayyanar foda kore.
② Mai haɓakawa don hydrogenation na butynediol zuwa BDO
Sashin hydrogenation na tsari ya ƙunshi manyan na'urori masu gyara gado guda biyu masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka haɗa a jere, tare da kashi 99% na halayen hydrogenation da aka kammala a farkon reactor. Na farko da na biyu hydrogenation catalysts suna kunna nickel aluminum gami.
Kafaffen gado mai suna Renee nickel shine shingen allo na nickel aluminum tare da girman barbashi daga 2-10mm, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau, babban yanki na musamman, ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali, da tsawon rayuwar sabis.
Kafaffen gadon da ba a kunna ba Raney nickel barbashi fari ne mai launin toka, kuma bayan wani taro na ruwa alkali leaching, sun zama baki ko baki launin toka barbashi, yafi amfani a gyarawa gado reactors.
① Copper yana tallafawa mai kara kuzari don haɓakar butynediol daga acetylene da formaldehyde
Karkashin aikin mai haɓaka bismuth na jan karfe mai goyan baya, formaldehyde yana amsawa tare da acetylene don samar da 1,4-butynediol, a zazzabi na 92-100 ℃ da matsa lamba na 85-106 kPa. Mai kara kuzari yana bayyana a matsayin baƙar fata.
② Mai haɓakawa don hydrogenation na butynediol zuwa BDO
Tsarin ISP yana ɗaukar matakai biyu na hydrogenation. Mataki na farko yana amfani da foda nickel aluminum gami a matsayin mai kara kuzari, kuma ƙarancin matsin lamba hydrogenation yana canza BYD zuwa BED da BDO. Bayan rabuwa, mataki na biyu shine hydrogenation mai ƙarfi ta amfani da nickel da aka ɗora a matsayin mai haɓaka don canza BED zuwa BDO.
Na farko hydrogenation mai kara kuzari: powdered Raney nickel mai kara kuzari
Na farko hydrogenation mai kara kuzari: Powder Raney nickel mai kara kuzari. Ana amfani da wannan mai kara kuzari a cikin sashin ƙarancin hydrogenation na tsarin ISP, don shirye-shiryen samfuran BDO. Yana yana da halaye na babban aiki, mai kyau selectivity, hira kudi, da sauri daidaitawa gudun. Babban abubuwan da aka gyara sune nickel, aluminum, da molybdenum.
Primary hydrogenation mai kara kuzari: foda nickel aluminum gami hydrogenation mai kara kuzari
Mai haɓakawa yana buƙatar babban aiki, ƙarfin ƙarfi, babban juzu'i na 1,4-butynediol, da ƙarancin samfuran samfuran.
Na biyu hydrogenation mai kara kuzari
Yana da goyan bayan mai haɓakawa tare da alumina azaman mai ɗaukar hoto da nickel da jan ƙarfe azaman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Ana adana yanayin da aka rage a cikin ruwa. Mai kara kuzari yana da ƙarfin injina mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin juzu'i, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, kuma yana da sauƙin kunnawa. Baƙar fata mai siffa barbashi a cikin bayyanar.
Abubuwan Aikace-aikacen Masu Kayatarwa
Ana amfani da BYD don samar da BDO ta hanyar samar da hydrogenation, wanda aka yi amfani da shi zuwa naúrar BDO ton 100000. Saituna guda biyu na kafaffen reactors na gado suna aiki a lokaci ɗaya, ɗayan shine JHG-20308, ɗayan kuma ana shigo da mai kara kuzari.
Nunawa: A lokacin da ake nunawa na foda mai kyau, an gano cewa JHG-20308 mai kafaffen gado mai gina jiki ya samar da ƙananan foda mai kyau fiye da shigo da mai kara kuzari.
Kunnawa: Ƙarshe Kunna Ƙaddamarwa: Yanayin kunnawa na masu kara kuzari guda biyu iri ɗaya ne. Daga bayanan, ƙimar ma'amala, bambancin zazzabi da mashigai da fitarwa, da sakin zafi na kunnawa a kowane mataki na kunnawa sun yi daidai sosai.
Zazzabi: Yanayin zafin jiki na mai kara kuzari na JHG-20308 bai bambanta da na mai kara kuzari da aka shigo da shi ba, amma bisa ga ma'aunin zafin jiki, JHG-20308 mai kara kuzari yana da mafi kyawun aiki fiye da mai kara kuzari.
Najasa: Daga bayanan gano BDO danyen bayani a farkon matakin amsawa, JHG-20308 yana da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙazanta a cikin samfuran da aka gama idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan haɓakawa da aka shigo da su, galibi suna nunawa a cikin abun ciki na n-butanol da HBA.
Gabaɗaya, aikin mai kara kuzari na JHG-20308 ya tsaya tsayin daka, ba tare da bayyana manyan abubuwan da ake samarwa ba, kuma aikinsa iri ɗaya ne ko ma fiye da na abubuwan da aka shigo da su.
Production tsari na kafaffen gado nickel aluminum kara kuzari
(1) Narkewa: Nickel aluminum gami ana narkar da shi a yanayin zafi mai yawa sannan a jefar da shi zuwa siffa.
(2) Murkushewa: Ana murƙushe ɓangarorin gami zuwa ƙananan ɓangarorin ta hanyar murkushe kayan aiki.
(3) Screening: Screening fitar da barbashi tare da m barbashi size.
(4) Kunnawa: Sarrafa ƙayyadaddun tattarawa da ƙimar ruwa na alkali don kunna barbashi a cikin hasumiya ta amsawa.
(5) Alamun dubawa: abun ciki na ƙarfe, rarraba girman barbashi, ƙarfin murƙushewa, ƙarancin girma, da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba 11-2023
