BDO, wanda aka fi sani da 1,4-butanediol, muhimmin abu ne na asali na halitta da sinadarai masu kyau. Ana iya shirya BDO ta hanyar hanyar acetylene aldehyde, hanyar maleic anhydride, hanyar propylene alcohol, da kuma hanyar butadiene. Hanyar acetylene aldehyde ita ce babbar hanyar masana'antu don shirya BDO saboda farashi da fa'idodin aiwatarwa. Acetylene da formaldehyde ana fara haɗa su don samar da 1,4-butynediol (BYD), wanda aka ƙara hydrogenated don samun BDO.
A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa (13.8 ~ 27.6 MPa) da yanayin zafi na 250 ~ 350 ℃, acetylene yana amsawa da formaldehyde a gaban mai kara kuzari (yawanci cuprous acetylene da bismuth akan tallafin silica), sannan matsakaicin 1,4-butynediol ana haɗa shi da hydrogen zuwa BDO ta amfani da mai kara kuzari na Raney nickel. Halayen hanyar gargajiya shine cewa mai kara kuzari da samfurin ba sa buƙatar rabuwa, kuma farashin aiki yana da ƙasa. Duk da haka, acetylene yana da matsin lamba mai yawa da haɗarin fashewa. Abin da ke cikin aminci na ƙirar mai kara kuzari yana da yawa har sau 12-20, kuma kayan aikin suna da girma kuma suna da tsada, wanda ke haifar da babban jari; Acetylene zai yi polymerize don samar da polyacetylene, wanda ke kashe mai kara kuzari kuma yana toshe bututun, wanda ke haifar da gajarta zagayowar samarwa da raguwar fitarwa.
Domin mayar da martani ga gazawa da gazawar hanyoyin gargajiya, an inganta kayan aikin amsawa da abubuwan kara kuzari na tsarin amsawa don rage matsin lamba na acetylene a cikin tsarin amsawa. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar sosai a cikin gida da kuma na duniya. A lokaci guda, ana yin hada BYD ta amfani da gadon laka ko gado da aka dakatar. Hanyar acetylene aldehyde BYD hydrogenation tana samar da BDO, kuma a halin yanzu hanyoyin ISP da INVISTA sune aka fi amfani da su a China.
① Haɗa butynediol daga acetylene da formaldehyde ta amfani da jan ƙarfe carbonate catalyst
Idan aka shafa shi a sashin sinadarai na acetylene na tsarin BDO a cikin INVIDIA, formaldehyde yana amsawa da acetylene don samar da 1,4-butynediol a ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari na jan ƙarfe. Zafin amsawar shine 83-94 ℃, kuma matsin lamba shine 25-40 kPa. Mai kara kuzari yana da kamannin foda kore.
② Mai haɓaka sinadarin hydrogenation na butynediol zuwa BDO
Sashen hydrogenation na tsarin ya ƙunshi reactors guda biyu masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka haɗa a jere, tare da kashi 99% na halayen hydrogenation da aka kammala a cikin reactor na farko. Masu haɓaka hydrogenation na farko da na biyu sune ƙarfe na aluminum na nickel da aka kunna.
Gado mai gyara Renee nickel tubalin ƙarfe ne na aluminum mai girman barbashi daga 2-10mm, ƙarfi mai yawa, juriyar lalacewa mai kyau, babban yanki na musamman na saman, ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali mai haɓaka, da tsawon rai na aiki.
Barbashin nickel na Raney da ba a kunna ba suna da launin toka-toka, kuma bayan wani taro na ruwan alkaline, sai su zama barbashi baƙi ko baƙi, waɗanda galibi ake amfani da su a cikin na'urorin dumama gado.
① Tagulla mai taimakawa wajen samar da butynediol daga acetylene da formaldehyde
A ƙarƙashin aikin wani mai ƙara kuzari na jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, formaldehyde yana amsawa da acetylene don samar da 1,4-butynediol, a zafin amsawa na 92-100 ℃ da matsin lamba na 85-106 kPa. Mai ƙara kuzarin yana bayyana kamar foda baƙi.
② Mai haɓaka sinadarin hydrogenation na butynediol zuwa BDO
Tsarin ISP yana ɗaukar matakai biyu na hydrogenation. Mataki na farko shine amfani da foda aluminum gami da nickel a matsayin mai kara kuzari, kuma ƙarancin hydrogenation yana canza BYD zuwa BED da BDO. Bayan rabuwa, mataki na biyu shine hydrogenation mai matsin lamba mai yawa ta amfani da nickel mai lodi a matsayin mai kara kuzari don canza BED zuwa BDO.
Babban mai haɓaka hydrogenation: foda Raney nickel catalyst
Babban sinadarin hydrogenation: Foda Raney nickel catalyst. Ana amfani da wannan sinadarin a ɓangaren hydrogenation mai ƙarancin matsin lamba na tsarin ISP, don shirya kayayyakin BDO. Yana da halaye na babban aiki, kyakkyawan zaɓi, saurin canzawa, da saurin daidaitawa cikin sauri. Babban sinadaran sune nickel, aluminum, da molybdenum.
Babban mai haɓaka hydrogenation: foda nickel aluminum alloy hydrogenation mai haɓaka hydrogenation
Mai kara kuzari yana buƙatar aiki mai yawa, ƙarfi mai yawa, yawan juyawa mai yawa na 1,4-butynediol, da ƙarancin samfuran da aka samar.
Mai haɓaka hydrogenation na biyu
Yana da sinadarin kara kuzari wanda ke da sinadarin alumina a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya da kuma nickel da jan ƙarfe a matsayin abubuwan da ke aiki. Ana adana yanayin raguwar a cikin ruwa. Mai kara kuzarin yana da ƙarfin injiniya mai yawa, ƙarancin asarar gogayya, ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, kuma yana da sauƙin kunnawa. Baƙaƙen da ke siffar clover baƙi a cikin bayyanar.
Lambobin Aikace-aikace na Masu Haɗawa
Ana amfani da BYD don samar da BDO ta hanyar hydrogenation na catalyst, wanda aka shafa a kan na'urar BDO mai nauyin tan 100000. Saiti biyu na reactors na gado masu gyara suna aiki a lokaci guda, ɗaya shine JHG-20308, ɗayan kuma catalyst ne da aka shigo da shi daga ƙasashen waje.
Tantancewa: A lokacin tantance foda mai kyau, an gano cewa sinadarin JHG-20308 mai gyara gado yana samar da foda mai kyau ƙasa da wanda aka shigo da shi daga waje.
Kunnawa: Kunna Mai Ƙarfafawa Kammalawa: Yanayin kunnawa na masu haɓaka guda biyu iri ɗaya ne. Daga bayanan, ƙimar hulɗa, bambancin zafin shiga da fita, da kuma sakin zafi na kunnawa na haɗin a kowane mataki na kunnawa suna da daidaito sosai.
Zafin Jiki: Zafin amsawar mai kara kuzari na JHG-20308 bai bambanta sosai da na mai kara kuzari da aka shigo da shi ba, amma bisa ga ma'aunin zafin jiki, mai kara kuzari na JHG-20308 yana da aiki mafi kyau fiye da mai kara kuzari da aka shigo da shi.
Rashin tsafta: Daga bayanan gano maganin danyen mai na BDO a farkon matakin amsawar, JHG-20308 yana da ɗan ƙarancin ƙazanta a cikin samfurin da aka gama idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarai da aka shigo da su, galibi ana nuna su a cikin abun ciki na n-butanol da HBA.
Gabaɗaya, aikin mai kara kuzari na JHG-20308 yana da ƙarfi, ba tare da wani babban samfuri ba, kuma aikinsa iri ɗaya ne ko ma ya fi na masu kara kuzari da aka shigo da su.
Tsarin samar da ingantaccen mai kara kuzari na nickel aluminum
(1) Narkewa: Ana narke gami da aluminum na nickel a zafin jiki mai yawa sannan a jefa shi cikin siffarsa.
(2) Murkushewa: Ana niƙa tubalan ƙarfe zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar kayan aikin niƙawa.
(3) A tantance: A tantance barbashi masu girman barbashi mai inganci.
(4) Kunnawa: Sarrafa wani yawan ruwa da kwararar alkaline don kunna barbashi a cikin hasumiyar amsawa.
(5) Alamun dubawa: abun da ke cikin ƙarfe, rarraba girman barbashi, ƙarfin murƙushewa mai matsewa, yawan yawa, da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-11-2023
